I am a Fourth-year PhD candidate at School of Education, UC Irvine, working with Dr. Shayan Doroudi and Dr. Kylie Peppler. Previously, I received my Master's degree in Educational Technology from Teachers College, Columbia University and earned my Bachelor's degree in Computer Science and Art History from Smith College. I also had the opportunity to research at URCS and Zhejiang Lab.

My research has been published in HCI and learning sciences conferences, such as ACM CHI, ACM IDC, and ISLS. My main area of research is Human-Computer Interaction (HCI), Learning Sciences, and Media and Communication.

Research Interests

I study the cognitive processes of learning through communication, and how AI intervenes in those processes. I'm interested in these two subtopics:

Learning by communicating with AI
The learner's communicative partner is AI. What cognitive processes are activated or suppressed? How do we design AI interactions that foster cognitive engagement rather than passive consumption?

Learning through AI-mediated communication
AI sits between humans. When AI facilitates or mediates peer discussion, what happens to the sender and receiver cognitively?

Selected Publications

For full list see Google Scholar

Publication thumbnail
"Hi Kids, Let's Talk About How Snakes Hunt": Understanding the Process of Children's Instructional Video Creation through a Workshop Study
Zhenyao Cai, Shiyao Wei, Ariel Han, Kylie A Peppler
IDC 2025

In this paper we study how educational video creation can foster both science and media literacy for children and extends Shneiderman's Collect–Relate–Create–Donate model with new design directions to support children's creativity with generative AI.

Publication thumbnail
Child-AI Co-Creation: A Review of the Current Research Landscape and a Proposal for Six Design Considerations
Zhenyao Cai, Ariel Han, Xiaofei Zhou, Eva Durall Gazulla, Kylie Peppler
IDC 2025

We propose six design considerations surrounding data privacy, bias and hallucination, appropriate reliance, creative agency, collaboration, and transparency to guide responsible, child-centered AI co-creation.

Publication thumbnail
From Viewers to Teachers: Child-Led Teaching Strategies and Family Participation in YouTube How-Tos
Zhenyao Cai, Shiyao Wei
IDC 2024

We studied children's learning by teaching behaviors and family participation through the YouTube educational videos they created.

Publication thumbnail
Advancing knowledge together: integrating large language model-based conversational AI in small group collaborative learning
Zhenyao Cai, Seehee Park, Nia Nixon, Shayan Doroudi
CHI EA 2024

We designed an LLM-powered conversational AI to support small-group collaboration. Our findings highlight that timing, role, and perceived tone are critical for fostering learner engagement and effective collaboration.

Publication thumbnail
Teachers, parents, and students' perspectives on integrating generative AI into elementary literacy education
Ariel Han, Xiaofei Zhou, Zhenyao Cai, Shenshen Han, Richard Ko, Seth Corrigan, Kylie A Peppler
CHI 2024

We gathered parents, teachers, and children's perspectives of AI for literacy education.